The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah Hajjatul Wida):-The Farewell Sermon, also known as Khutbah Hajjatul Wida, delivered by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) during his last pilgrimage, stands as a monumental charter of human rights. This address, delivered over 1,400 years ago on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah in the year 632 CE, is not only a timeless guide for Muslims but for humanity at large. It highlights core principles of justice, equality, and moral responsibility that resonate with modern human rights discourse.
1. Equality of All Humans
In his sermon, the Prophet emphasized the equality of all human beings, regardless of race, ethnicity, or social status. He stated:
“All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; a white has no superiority over a black, nor does a black have any superiority over a white; none have superiority over another except by piety and good action.”
This profound message abolishes racial discrimination and upholds the intrinsic equality of all individuals.
2. Sanctity of Life and Property
The Prophet stressed the inviolability of life and property, making it clear that no one has the right to harm another or unlawfully take their property. He said:
“Your blood, your property, and your honor are as sacred as this day and this month in this city.”
This declaration is foundational to human rights, ensuring personal security and property rights for every individual.
3. Women’s Rights
One of the most revolutionary aspects of the sermon was its focus on women’s rights. In a time when women were often marginalized, Prophet Muhammad called for their dignified treatment and protection. He declared:
“O people, you have rights over your wives, and they have rights over you. Treat them kindly, for they are your partners and committed helpers.”
This directive not only established the equality of men and women in marriage but also advocated for mutual respect and kindness.
4. Abolition of Economic Exploitation
The Prophet addressed economic exploitation, particularly in the form of interest (riba). He explicitly prohibited charging interest, which was a common practice in pre-Islamic Arabia. His instruction to abolish riba reflects a commitment to economic justice and fairness:
“All usury is abolished. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity.”
This laid the groundwork for a just economic system where individuals are not exploited for profit.
5. Justice and Accountability
The Farewell Sermon emphasizes the importance of justice, personal accountability, and the rule of law. The Prophet urged people to seek forgiveness from one another and to hold themselves accountable before being judged in the hereafter:
“Beware of Shaytan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be worshiped in this land, but he will try to mislead you in smaller matters. So, beware of him.”
This call for vigilance against evil and personal responsibility aligns closely with modern principles of justice and ethical conduct.
6. Protection of the Weak and Vulnerable
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) concluded his sermon with a call for protecting those who are weak and marginalized in society. He urged compassion and care for the underprivileged:
“The strong among you should protect the weak.”
This call to safeguard the vulnerable is echoed in today’s human rights frameworks, which prioritize the protection of minorities and marginalized groups.
Conclusion
The Farewell Sermon was not just a religious address but a comprehensive guide for ensuring human dignity, equality, and justice. Its timeless values continue to inspire and influence global discussions on human rights, justice, and ethical governance. The message is clear: true success for humanity lies in respecting and protecting the rights of others, irrespective of differences.
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